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DARWIN’S UNIVERSE

Home of Darwinian Scholarship, Music, Art, and Entertainment


Richard Milner’s Newest Book



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Jay Matternes: Paleoartist and Wildlife Painter

(Hardcover, August 13, 2024)
by Richard Milner with Ian Tattersall and Mauricio Anton (Foreword)

The first career-spanning volume on Jay Matternes (b. 1933), whose scientific rigor and artistic skill set a new standard in natural history illustration. Millions have grown up inspired by Jay Matternes’ murals of extinct mammals at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History and the Ame­rican Museum of Natural History. Others have savored his depictions of human origins in such prestigious publi­cations as Science, National Geographic, Scientific Amer­ican, and Natural History. Mat­tenes’ art has also graced popular books by such trailblazing wildlife scientists as Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey, and Louis Leakey.

Now, for the first time, the entire scope of Matternes’ achievement is re­vealed in this full-color retrospective, prepared with the artist’s full coop­eration and featuring many works never before published. Here are his depic­tions of living species, whose anatomical accuracy and vivid detail owe much to Matternes’ lifelong devotion to painting from nature: the wildlife of Africa, the birds of America, chimpanzees and gorillas, and more. Here, too, is his paleoart, meticulously reconstructed from the fossil evidence and ranging from dinosaurs, through the rise of mammals, to our hominin ancestors, including Matternes’ ground­breaking reconstruction of the 4.4-million-year-old hominin Ardipithecus, on which he labored in secrecy for more than a decade. The highly readable text includes, among other spe­cial fea­tures, selections from the artist’s twenty-year cor­respondence with the late Dian Fossey.

Jay Matternes: Paleoartist and Wildlife Painter will be an essential vol­ume not only for aspiring illustrators and paleoartists, but for any­one with an interest in the natural world and how we visualize it. On Amazon.


See the Prehistoric Times interview (PDF) with Jay Matternes and Richard Milner on their spectacular new book of wildlife and paleoart.

Read the rave review from Skeptic Magazine for Milner’s book (PDF).

Another rave review on The Inquisitive Biologist in the UK.

See yet another excellent review on Georgetown University’s The Hoya (PDF).


In 2013—a century after the passing of Victorian genius Alfred Russel Wallace—New York–based anthropologist and sci­ence historian Richard Milner created a three-year Wallace Centenary Cele­bration, funded by the John Templeton Founda­tion. An all-day AR Wallace Centenary Con­ference was held at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City on November 12, 2013. The daytime lectures, held in the 300-seat Kaufman Theater, featured morning and after­noon ses­sions of outstand­ing speakers on Wallace-related themes, In the evening the action shifted to the 900-seat Lefrak Imax Theater, where the dean of television naturalists, Sir David Attenborough, presented a wonder­ful lecture, “Alfred Russel Wallace and the Birds of Paradise,” to a full house. See the Alfred Russel Wallace Centenary page.

Hi, I’m Richard Milner—a historian of science who loves to share my lifelong research (and original discoveries) about Darwin’s life and thought with you. Trained as an anthropologist, specializing in primate behavior and human evolution, I worked for years as Senior Editor at Natural History magazine at the American Museum of Natural History.

There I edited Stephen Jay Gould’s famous column, “This View of Life”—the basis of his popular books—an odd twist of fate, because Gould and I had been childhood friends who were interested in evolution and Darwin even as 12-year-olds. Since then, I’ve written


Steven J. Gould & Richard Milner, age 12
(Click image to enlarge.)
many articles and books about Darwin, evolution, history of science, and natural history. See a list of my published writings and my CV here ().

But there’s also a twist to my Darwinian research and scholarhip. Gould used to introduce me to audiences by saying, “Richard doesn’t just search the history of science for biographical and intellectual insights—he’s the only Darwin historian who’s always looking for song cues.”

That’s because, back in the 1960s, when I was a graduate student at the University of California (UCLA and Berkeley), I began writing songs about Darwin and evolution and performed monologues with a jazz bassist at San Francisco coffee houses.

I’m still writing songs about Darwin and evolution, and for the past decade have performed my one-man musical Charles Darwin: Live & In Concert all over the world, including such venues as the Edinburgh Science Festival, London Natural History Museum, Dresden Museum, American Museum of Natural History, Can­berra Skeptics Society (Australia) and most recently—the fulfillment of a lifelong dream—on a cruise ship in the Galápa­gos Islands. (After the performance, the audience gathered on deck, where they were treated to a unique spectacle—sea lions leaping out of the water to catch flying fish in mid-air!) See the video clip below to view the New York Times coverage of my show on Darwin Day in 2009.

Richard’s Darwin Live music video produced by the New York Times


In the full show, a multi-media production, several hundred digital slides and eleven songs are interspersed with dramatizations of the history of science. Much of the di­alogue is based on the letters of Darwin, Thomas Henry Huxley, Alfred Russel Wal­lace, plus there is my own take on the Scopes Monkey Trial, the essays of Stephen Jay Gould, and a few comic fantasies. Among fans of the show have been the illu­sionist Penn Jillette, the late Stephen Jay Gould and actor Tony Randall, filmmaker Melvin Van Peebles, the historian Frederick Burkhardt, the legendary Broadway lyricist Sheldon (Fiddler on the Roof) Harnick, and evolu­tionary biologist Richard Dawkins.

Theater critic Rex Reed wrote that “Milner’s songs are clever and witty; he could tackle musically any subject.” Tony Randall called them “absolutely wonderful,” and famed Broadway lyricist Marshall (Once Upon a Mattress) Barer wrote: “Milner’s lines are incredible. Written with seemingly effortless expertise, Richard Milner’s lyrics leave us unaware (until we’ve finished laughing) that we have made a quantum leap in the reconciliation of art and science. The songs are fresh yet inevitable, modest and audacious, stylishly eclectic, touching and hilarious.” Master lyricist Sheldon (Fiddler on the Roof) Harnick said in the Wall Street Journal, “His lyrics are expert especially because they’re so scientifically rich.” Click image on right to see some of the lyrics.


To hear brief excerpts of some of the songs, you can play
four selections by clicking the arrows on the control bars:
“Why Didn’t I Think of That?”

“When You Were a Tadpole and I Was a Fish”
“I’m the Guy Who Found Natural Selection”

“Darwin’s Nightmare”


The CD album, Charles Darwin: Live & In Concert, in­cludes all the Darwin and evolution songs: 23 tracks, 12 songs, and runs minutes. Click image on the right to view album cover enlarged. The CD is only $20 including pos­tage; e-mail Richard to order your CD today.

For more on the Darwin-Live Show, including recordings, interviews, and links to online videos, go to Darwin-Live-Information.


Darwin’s Universe: Evolution from A to Z (University of Cali­fornia Press, 2009) is the evolved descendant of my Encyclo­pedia of Evolution: Humanity’s Search for its Origins, which has gone through two editions (1990 and 1993).

Voice of America News Features Richard Milner

Author Pays Tribute to Darwin in Encyclopedic Book, Musical Stage Show

Listen to international broadcast with Mike O’Sullivan, November 2009
(click arrow to begin):



The book contains a hundred new essays, and a treasure trove of rare pictures and illus­trations from the history of natural science. Darwin’s Universe is not only about Darwin’s Life and thought (and those of his friends and fellow evolutionists) but is also the story of how evolution leaped out of science to influence drama, literature, exploration, cinema, law, and popular culture. Go to Darwin’s Universe page.

As part of Darwin’s Bicentennial, I also co-edited the 200th Anniversary Special Darwin-Wal­lace Issue of the Linnean Society of London. You can read my article in that journal, “Charles Darwin: Ghostbuster, Muse, and Magistrate.” (Click journal cover image on the right.) You can read the entire issue online at the site of The Lin­nean Society of London. Also, see my cover story on Darwin and coral reefs in the current issue of Natural History magazine.

Part of the Linnean story involves my discovery of an amazing court trial in 1876—the first time a psychic had ever been charged by a scientist with concocting fraudulent “scientific experi­ments.” I found, to my astonishment, that the two greatest naturalists of the nine­teenth century took opposing sides when the supernatural went on trial. Alfred Russel Wal­lace, co-discoverer of the theory of natural selection was the star witness for the de­fense, while Charles Darwin secretly contributed funds to the prosecution. (See “Charles Darwin & Associates, Ghostbust­ers” (). You can hear me speak about “Darwin as Ghostbuster, Muse, and Magistrate” with Steve Mirsky on Scientific American’s January 22, 2009 podcast.

My next book was Charles R. Knight: The Artist Who Saw Through Time (Abrams, 2012). Leading wildlife and sci-fi artists and filmmakers have written that they consider this “the book that Charles R. Knight fans have been waiting and hoping for.” Paleoartist Bill Stout calls it “magnificent . . . amazing . . . dazzling.” Paleontologist Don Prothero raves, “truly remarkable . . . gloriously illustrated.” See my Charles R. Knight page.

Knight’s paintings of dinosaurs, mammoths, early humans, and living animals rank among the greatest treasures of the American Museum of Natural History in New York, the Field Museum in Chicago, (see Field Museum Photo Archives—Charles Knight Paintings) and other institutions. See also the World of Charles R. Knight.

The book also contains a new biography of Knight, which I constructed after months of examining archival boxes full of his letters and papers, most of which have never before been researched. His life turned out to be more interesting and compelling than I ever imagined, and his dramatic life story is told in this book for the first time.
It is a remarkable naturalist-artist’s life,full of his love of animals, fascination with the remote past, the joy of creation, and the despair of gradually losing his sight. Also, Knight fans have sent us photos of his wonderful artworks from far and near that have never before been published.

I was deeply delighted that Rhoda Knight Kalt chose me to assemble this treasury of her grandfather’s artistic legacy, which includes his wonder­ful wildlife renderings as well as the classic prehistoric scenes. Knight’s surviving private letters and papers, many of which we have published for the first time, are also fascinating.

Steve Gould and I became serious Knight fans when we were still kids, in those days long before Jurassic Park, when Charles R. Knight’s dino­saurs were “THE Dinosaurs.” I was given the moniker “Dino” in the schoolyard, and Steve was dubbed “Fossilface.” The late, lamented Harvard Professor S. J. Gould dedicated one of his last books to me—so this one’s for you, Fossilface! (See my memoir “Farewell, Fossilface” () from Skeptic magazine.)

Thanks for visiting Darwinlive.org. I hope you will like my writings, songs, and performances. It’s my deepest pleasure and my joy to use history, science, and scholarship to create music, theater, and art. Darwin’s lessons went beyond science. He spent a life making his play his work and his work his play. As Darwin sings in my show, while gathering specimens aboard HMS Beagle, “I do what I love and I love what I do.”



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